--- title: "Rock holes and cultural water: The importance of Indigenous water management" description: In the far west of SA and throughout the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY) Lands, where water is very scarce, rock holes are an important source of water both from an environmental and an Ab --- [![Indigo by AWA logo](https://www.awa.asn.au/hs-fs/hubfs/AWA-Website/Logos/Indigo_colour.png?height=24&name=Indigo_colour.png)](https://indigo.awa.asn.au/) [![Ozwater logo](https://www.awa.asn.au/hs-fs/hubfs/AWA-Website/Logos/Ozwater.png?height=24&name=Ozwater.png)](https://www.ozwater.org/) [![Careers in Water logo](https://www.awa.asn.au/hs-fs/hubfs/AWA-Website/Logos/Careers%20in%20Water_colour.png?height=24&name=Careers%20in%20Water_colour.png)](https://www.careersinwater.com.au/) [![NWW logo](https://www.awa.asn.au/hs-fs/hubfs/AWA-Website/Logos/NWW.png?height=24&name=NWW.png)](https://www.nationalwaterweek.org/) - [Join ![user icon](https://www.awa.asn.au/hubfs/website-assets-2021/icons/awa-nav-user-icon.svg "user icon")](https://www.awa.asn.au/new-registration) - 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The World Water Day theme for 2019 is 'Leaving no one behind'. In many cases, marginalised groups including [Indigenous communities](http://54.252.223.120/community/engagement/how-can-the-water-industry-better-collaborate-with-indigenous-australians/) are often overlooked in appropriate access to and management of water. In the far west of South Australia (SA) and throughout the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY) Lands, where water is very scarce, rock holes are an important source of water both from an environmental and an Aboriginal cultural perspective. The Australian Water Association’s SA branch investigated the importance of rock holes and the cultural significance of these waters to the remote Aboriginal communities in this region. # The importance of rock holes Rock holes form on granite outcrops and act as natural water collection points for surface drainage. As a semi-reliable water source, rock holes played a significant role in the history and movement of people across the region. Before the arrival of Europeans, Aboriginal people travelled across the landscape in accordance with the seasons and the availability of water. As such, knowledge of rock hole locations was crucial to survival. They were also important gathering places where Aboriginal people socialised, traded and performed ceremonies to share traditional lore and Tjukurpa (Pitjantjatjara: relates to the period when ancestral beings created the world). [![As a driving force behind the ongoing care of rock-holes around Mimili Community, Lorna Dodd respects cultural traditions with a “no men allowed sign”.](https://static.hsstatic.net/BlogImporterAssetsUI/ex/missing-image.png)](https://static.hsstatic.net/BlogImporterAssetsUI/ex/missing-image.png) As a driving force behind the ongoing care of rock holes around Mimili Community, Lorna Dodd respects cultural traditions with a “no men allowed sign”. Today, the presence of large feral animals such as camels, donkeys and horses significantly impacts on the quality and quantity of water in rock holes. These large animals are ill-equipped to reach the water when levels drop and often die in the attempt, polluting the area with rotting carcasses. When the water is accessible they drink large volumes that would otherwise be available to native species, and also present health risks for Aboriginal people who visit the rock holes. # Caring for country For Aboriginal people, caring for country is an important cultural obligation. Many rock holes have particular cultural significance to women. At Mimili, a community in the APY Lands, a program has been developed to support local women to care for important rock holes in the area, including Kalpi, Katapitura, Tipa and Katapitura rock holes. This involves: digging out and removing debris accumulated in the base of the rock holes to maximise capacity and ensure the water collected is clean; removing invasive weeds and pest animals from around rock holes; and monitoring species that rely on the sites for land management purposes. [![Rockhole polluted by feral animal remains](https://static.hsstatic.net/BlogImporterAssetsUI/ex/missing-image.png)](https://static.hsstatic.net/BlogImporterAssetsUI/ex/missing-image.png) A rock hole polluted by feral animal remains. Where appropriate and feasible, rock holes are sometimes covered to prevent large feral animals from fouling the water while allowing smaller native species such as kangaroos, dingoes, reptiles and birds to access the water. This work helps share traditional knowledge and cultural obligations from generation to generation, as well as ensuring the sustainable use of the rock holes. To celebrate World Water Day 2019, the Water Industry Alliance and Australian Water Association (AW) are hosting a water industry breakfast in Adelaide. AWA’s National Water Professional of the Year Ciara Sterling will be speaking, as will a representative from the Ngarrindjeri Regional Authority, who will discuss the cultural use of water in the Coorong area of SA. You can register for the breakfast [here](https://www.awa.asn.au/Shared_Content/Events/Event_Display.aspx?EventKey=SATECH19A&WebsiteKey=9dc929a7-973a-452a-8ebd-7ac0870e5ba9). *Images and information courtesy of the Alinytjara Wilurara Natural Resources Management Board.* [ World Water Day ](https://www.awa.asn.au/resources/latest-news/tag/world-water-day) [ Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples ](https://www.awa.asn.au/resources/latest-news/tag/aboriginal-torres-strait-islander-peoples) [ Rural and Remote Communities ](https://www.awa.asn.au/resources/latest-news/tag/rural-remote-communities) [ Natural Environment ](https://www.awa.asn.au/resources/latest-news/tag/natural-environment) [ SA Source ](https://www.awa.asn.au/resources/latest-news/tag/sa-source) [ South Australia (SA) ](https://www.awa.asn.au/resources/latest-news/tag/south-australia) Share [![email icon](https://www.awa.asn.au/hubfs/website-assets-2021/icons/icon-dark-sandstone-email.svg "email icon") ](mailto:?subject=Rock%20holes%20and%20cultural%20water:%20The%20importance%20of%20Indigenous%20water%20management&body=Check%20out%20https://www.awa.asn.au/resources/latest-news/environment/natural-environment/rock-holes-and-cultural-water-the-importance-of-indigenous-water-management) [![facebook-icon](https://www.awa.asn.au/hubfs/website-assets-2021/icons/icon-dark-sandstone-facebook.svg "facebook icon") ](https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.awa.asn.au/resources/latest-news/environment/natural-environment/rock-holes-and-cultural-water-the-importance-of-indigenous-water-management) [![LinkedIn icon](https://www.awa.asn.au/hubfs/website-assets-2021/icons/icon-dark-sandstone-linkedin.svg "LinkedIn icon") ](https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.awa.asn.au/resources/latest-news/environment/natural-environment/rock-holes-and-cultural-water-the-importance-of-indigenous-water-management) [![Twitter icon](https://www.awa.asn.au/hubfs/website-assets-2021/icons/icon-dark-sandstone-twitter.svg "Twitter icon") ](https://twitter.com/home?status=https://www.awa.asn.au/resources/latest-news/environment/natural-environment/rock-holes-and-cultural-water-the-importance-of-indigenous-water-management) ## RELATED NEWS [![](https://www.awa.asn.au/hs-fs/hubfs/water-1287253_1280_image.jpg?width=352&name=water-1287253_1280_image.jpg) ](https://www.awa.asn.au/resources/latest-news/week-in-water-updates-from-across-the-water-community-9-september-2024) ### [ Week in water: updates from across the water community ](https://www.awa.asn.au/resources/latest-news/week-in-water-updates-from-across-the-water-community-9-september-2024) Water Source This week in water, Water Research Australia begins its search for new board members to guide the future of Australia’s water… [ Read Full Paper ](https://www.awa.asn.au/resources/latest-news/week-in-water-updates-from-across-the-water-community-9-september-2024) [![](https://www.awa.asn.au/hs-fs/hubfs/water-1287253_1280_image.jpg?width=352&name=water-1287253_1280_image.jpg) ](https://www.awa.asn.au/resources/latest-news/week-in-water-updates-from-across-the-water-community-16-september-2024) ### [ Week in water: updates from across the water community ](https://www.awa.asn.au/resources/latest-news/week-in-water-updates-from-across-the-water-community-16-september-2024) Water Source The Federal Government is one step closer to crafting a new National Water Agreement, Tasmania pushes for better water… [ Read Full Paper ](https://www.awa.asn.au/resources/latest-news/week-in-water-updates-from-across-the-water-community-16-september-2024) [![Water cascading down from an aqueduct.](https://www.awa.asn.au/hs-fs/hubfs/image014.png?width=352&name=image014.png) ](https://www.awa.asn.au/resources/latest-news/week-in-water-updates-from-across-the-water-community-30-september-2024) ### [ Week in water: updates from across the water community ](https://www.awa.asn.au/resources/latest-news/week-in-water-updates-from-across-the-water-community-30-september-2024) Water Source This week in water, Australians are stepping up and stepping out to support WaterAid Australia’s Walk 4 Water initiative, raising… [ Read Full Paper ](https://www.awa.asn.au/resources/latest-news/week-in-water-updates-from-across-the-water-community-30-september-2024) Advertising --- ### Subscribe to our newsletters Sign up to get the latest news and insights from us Advertising --- ![white arrow pointing upwards](https://www.awa.asn.au/hubfs/website-assets-2021/icons/awa-white-arrow-up.svg) Top [![Footer-logo-02](https://www.awa.asn.au/hubfs/Footer-logo-02.svg) ](https://www.awa.asn.au/) The **Australian Water Association** acknowledges the Traditional Custodians across Australia, where we live, work and play, for their deep connection to our precious waters and land. 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